International Journal of Management and Education in Human Development

The Influence of Organizational Digital Transformation and Technology-Based Reward–Punishment Systems on Civil Servant Performance Mediated by Work Discipline in the Government of Kolaka Regency

Alda Almaaidah Ilyas — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the effect of Organizational Digitalization and Technology-Based Reward–Punishment
Systems on Civil Servant (ASN) Performance, with Work Discipline as a mediating variable in the Government of
Kolaka Regency. The increasing demand for efficient public services and accountable governance requires the
implementation of digital transformation and performance-based management systems to enhance employee
productivity and organizational effectiveness. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method.
Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 120 ASNs working in regional government institutions in
Kolaka Regency. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to
examine both direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results indicate that Organizational
Digitalization has a positive and significant effect on Work Discipline and ASN Performance. Similarly, the TechnologyBased Reward–Punishment System shows a significant positive influence on both Work Discipline and ASN
Performance. Work Discipline is proven to have a significant effect on ASN Performance and functions as a mediating
variable in the relationship between Digitalization, the Reward–Punishment System, and Performance. The mediation
analysis reveals that Work Discipline partially mediates the relationship between the independent variables and ASN
Performance. These findings emphasize that strengthening digital governance systems combined with fair and
technology-based reward–punishment mechanisms can improve work discipline and ultimately enhance ASN
performance in supporting effective public administration.

Balancing Trade Facilitation and Customs Control in Supporting State Revenue: The Mediating Role of Customs Compliance (A Study in Southeast Sulawesi)

Andi Samsu — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the balance between Trade Facilitation and Customs Control in supporting State Revenue,
mediated by Customs Compliance in Southeast Sulawesi. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey
method through the distribution of questionnaires to 52 respondents involved in customs activities and related
administrative management. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) to examine both
direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that Trade Facilitation and Customs Control have a
positive and significant effect on Customs Compliance. Furthermore, Customs Compliance has a positive and
significant effect on State Revenue. Directly, Customs Control significantly affects State Revenue, while the effect of
Trade Facilitation on State Revenue becomes stronger through the mediating role of Customs Compliance. Mediation
testing shows that Customs Compliance fully mediates the relationship between Trade Facilitation and State Revenue,
and partially mediates the relationship between Customs Control and State Revenue. These findings demonstrate that
a balance between trade facilitation services and effective customs control is an important factor in improving
compliance and optimizing state revenue. Therefore, policies that proportionally integrate Trade Facilitation and
Customs Control need to be continuously strengthened in order to enhance Customs Compliance and support
sustainable state revenue generation.

The Effect of Compensation, Career Development and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention for Aircrew in The Directorate of Air Police of The Republic of Indonesia

Andreas Ricky Trianto — 2026-06-30

This research was undertaken to investigate the effect of compensation,career development and job satisfaction toward
the aircrew turnover intention at directorate of air police. Aircrew consist of pilots, stewardees and mechanics were
important to support the operasional function of the police within the country. Aircrew turnover intention could affect
the effectiveness the directorate of air police especially to serve the other unit operational function within the police
organization. The collection of data for compensation, career development, job satisfaction and turnover intention used
questionnaire with Likert five scale. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the effect compensation,
career development, and job satisfaction to the aircrew turnover intention at directorate of air police. The results
showed that career development had the strongest significant correlation with the aircrew turnover intention (r=0.619;
p< 0.05). While the compensation indicated a weak correlation to the aircrew turnover intention (r= 0.243; p< 0.000)
and the job satisfaction had also weak correlation to the aircrew turnover intention (r= 0.090; p< 0.006). The overall
contribution of compensation, career development and job satisfaction to the aircrew turnover intention was 79.7% (R
adjusted square= 0.797; p< 0.05). It coud be concluded that career development and compensation policy for aircrew
should be developed which is different from the characteristic of public employees in general. To avoid the aircrew
turnover intention, the career development and compensation policy should be attracted and competitive to retain the
aircrew working at directorate of air police.

Transforming STEM Education to Prepare Future Generations to Face Global Challenges: A Narrative Literature Review

Mohammed Mai — 2026-06-30

The growing complexity of global challenges has intensified calls to transform education systems so that future
generations can respond effectively to uncertainty, technological disruption, climate change, inequality, and changing
labour-market demands. Within this wider agenda, STEM education has become increasingly important because it is
now associated not only with scientific and technical knowledge, but also with problem-solving, innovation, digital
competence, sustainability, and future readiness. This narrative literature review examines how recent scholarship and
policy-oriented literature conceptualises the transformation of STEM education in response to global challenges. The
review is guided by five questions: what global challenges are most frequently identified as drivers of educational
transformation, how transforming education is conceptualised, what competencies, skills, and values are considered
essential, what strategies are proposed for reform, and what barriers and gaps remain. The review draws primarily on
the attached papers and supplements them with recent, verified scholarly and policy literature. The literature indicates
that transforming STEM education is not limited to strengthening technical content or adding digital tools. Rather, it
involves rethinking curriculum, pedagogy, teacher preparation, assessment, and partnerships so that STEM learning
becomes interdisciplinary, problem-based, inclusive, ethically grounded, and connected to real-world issues. Across
the literature, the most frequently emphasised competencies include critical thinking, creativity, collaboration,
communication, problem-solving, digital literacy, adaptability, and social responsibility. The review also finds that
teacher capacity, equitable access to resources, curriculum rigidity, exam-driven traditions, and weak implementation
structures remain major barriers. Overall, the literature suggests that transformative STEM education is increasingly
viewed as a strategic pathway for preparing learners not only for future employment, but also for responsible
participation in building more sustainable, just, and resilient societies (Biseth et al., 2022; Čajková, 2021; Fan, 2025;
Reimers, 2020; Teach For All, 2024).

The Influence of Discipline, Compensation, and Motivation on Employee Performance Mediated by Job Satisfaction at Universitas Mandala Waluya

Artha Yuni Sucitra — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the effect of Discipline, Compensation, and Motivation on Employee Performance, with
Job Satisfaction acting as a mediating variable at Universitas Mandala Waluya. The research employs a quantitative
approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to lecturers and education staff. The total
sample consisted of 118 respondents selected using a census (saturated sampling) technique. Data analysis was
conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate both the measurement
model and the structural model. The results indicate that Discipline, Compensation, and Motivation each have a
positive and significant effect on Job Satisfaction. Furthermore, Discipline, Compensation, and Motivation each have
a positive and significant direct effect on Employee Performance. Job Satisfaction is also found to have a positive and
significant effect on Employee Performance. The mediation analysis demonstrates that Job Satisfaction significantly
mediates the relationship between Discipline, Compensation, and Motivation on Employee Performance. The Rsquare values indicate a strong explanatory power of the model in explaining variations in Job Satisfaction and
Employee Performance. These findings suggest that improving disciplinary practices, providing fair compensation,
and strengthening employee motivation can enhance job satisfaction, which in turn contributes to improved employee
performance. This study contributes to human resource management literature by providing empirical evidence on
the mediating role of Job Satisfaction in the higher education sector and offers practical implications for institutional
management in developing effective performance improvement strategies.

The Effect of Parental Support, Social Environment, and Access to Educational Programs on the Educational Continuity of School Dropouts, with Learning Motivation as a Mediating Variable in Southeast Sulawesi

Asriyani Arief — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the effect of Parental Support, Social Environment, and Access to Educational Programs
on the Educational Continuity of School Dropouts, with Learning Motivation acting as a mediating variable in
Southeast Sulawesi. The research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected through
questionnaires distributed to respondents involved in addressing school dropout issues. The total sample consisted of
200 respondents, selected using a proportional random sampling technique to ensure representative data. Data
analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate both the measurement model and the
structural model, as well as to test the direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results indicate that
Parental Support, Social Environment, and Access to Educational Programs each have a positive and significant effect
on Learning Motivation. Furthermore, these three variables also have a positive and significant direct effect on
Educational Continuity. Learning Motivation is found to have a positive and significant effect on Educational
Continuity. The mediation analysis demonstrates that Learning Motivation significantly mediates the relationship
between Parental Support, Social Environment, and Access to Educational Programs on Educational Continuity. The
model shows strong explanatory power in explaining variations in both Learning Motivation and Educational
Continuity. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening family involvement, social support systems, and
access to educational programs to improve learning motivation and support the reintegration of school dropouts into
the education system.

The Influence of Project Management and Digital Monitoring Systems on Road Infrastructure Performance through Project Control Effectiveness as a Mediating Variable in Southeast Sulawesi

Yasri Miftah Joenoes — 2026-06-30

This study examines the influence of project management and digital monitoring systems on road infrastructure
performance through project control effectiveness as a mediating variable in Southeast Sulawesi. The research is driven
by the increasing demand for timely, cost-efficient, and high-quality road development, as well as the need to integrate
digital technology into infrastructure project supervision. The objectives of this study are to analyze: (1) the effect of
project management on project control effectiveness, (2) the effect of digital monitoring systems on project control
effectiveness, (3) the direct effect of project management and digital monitoring systems on road infrastructure
performance, and (4) the mediating role of project control effectiveness. This research used a quantitative survey
approach involving 150 respondents, including project managers, site engineers, supervisors, and technical staff
engaged in road infrastructure projects in Southeast Sulawesi. Data were collected using structured questionnaires
with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The
results show that project management and digital monitoring systems have positive and significant effects on project
control effectiveness and road infrastructure performance. In addition, project control effectiveness significantly
mediates the relationship between the independent variables and infrastructure performance, indicating partial
mediation. In conclusion, strengthening project management practices and integrating digital monitoring systems are
essential to improving sustainable and high-quality road infrastructure performance in Southeast Sulawesi.

The Influence of Organizational Agility and Innovation Culture on Higher Education Competitive Advantage in the Era of Disruption and Educational Globalization with Organizational Adaptability as a Mediating Variable

Mardan Mardan — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational agility and innovation culture on higher education
competitive advantage in the era of disruption and educational globalization, with organizational adaptability serving
as a mediating variable. The research is driven by intensifying global competition, rapid digital transformation, and
the increasing demand for universities to respond effectively to dynamic and uncertain environmental changes. Higher
education institutions must strengthen their internal capabilities to sustain and enhance competitive advantage in a
complex global landscape. A quantitative approach using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEMPLS) was employed. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 299 lecturers from higher
education institutions in Kendari, selected using purposive sampling. The analysis involved evaluation of the
measurement model (outer model) to assess validity and reliability, and the structural model (inner model) to test
hypothesized relationships and the mediating role of organizational adaptability. The results indicate that
organizational agility and innovation culture have positive and significant effects on both organizational adaptability
and higher education competitive advantage. Organizational adaptability also has a positive and significant effect on
competitive advantage and significantly mediates the relationship between organizational agility, innovation culture,
and competitive advantage. The coefficient of determination demonstrates that the model has strong predictive power.
These findings highlight the importance of strengthening organizational agility and fostering a sustainable innovation
culture to enhance adaptability and maintain competitive advantage in higher education institutions.

The Effect of Earnings Management in Mediating the Role of Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, and Liquidity on Financial Performance (A Study of Conventional Commercial Banks Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange)

Ita Juwita — 2026-06-30

This study examines the effect of corporate governance, capital structure, and liquidity on financial performance, with
earnings management as a mediating variable in conventional commercial banks listed on the Bursa Efek Indonesia
during 2021–2025. A quantitative approach was applied using secondary data from annual financial reports of banks
consistently listed throughout the observation period. Purposive sampling was used to obtain a balanced panel dataset
covering five years. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to
assess both the measurement and structural models. The results show that corporate governance, capital structure, and
liquidity have positive and significant effects on earnings management. In addition, corporate governance, capital
structure, liquidity, and earnings management each have a positive and significant direct effect on financial
performance. Mediation analysis confirms that earnings management significantly mediates the relationship between
corporate governance, capital structure, liquidity, and financial performance. The R-square values indicate strong
explanatory power in predicting earnings management and financial performance. These findings suggest that effective
governance mechanisms, optimal capital structure decisions, and adequate liquidity management improve financial
performance both directly and indirectly through earnings management. This study provides empirical evidence on the
mediating role of earnings management in the Indonesian banking sector and offers practical implications for bank
management, investors, and regulators in enhancing governance and financial strategies to ensure sustainable
performance

Work-Life Balance Isn’t Enough: Why Employee Engagement Makes the Difference

Feby Ischa Blessnia Purba — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the effect of Work Life Balance on Employee Performance with Employee Engagement as
a mediating variable. This research was conducted on employees of PT Telkomsel Semarang. The telecommunications
industry experiences rapid technological change and increasing service demands which often lead to high work
pressure for employees. Therefore, maintaining a balance between work and personal life becomes an important factor
in sustaining employee performance. This study employed a quantitative research approach. Data were collected
through questionnaires distributed to 137 employees of PT Telkomsel Semarang. The data analysis technique used was
Partial Least Square – Structuraal Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software. The results show that
Work Life Balance has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. Work Life Balance also has a positive
and significant effect on Employee Engagement. Furthermore, Employee Engagement has a positive and significant
effect on Employee Perfromance. In addition, Employee Engagement mediates the relationship between Work Life
Balance and Employee Performance. These findings indicate that organizations need to create policies and work
environtments that support employees in maintaining a balance between work and personal life in order to increase
employee engagement and improve employee performance.

The Influence of Program Governance, Policy Support, and Health Information Systems on the Performance of the Community Mental Health Response Team (TPKJM) through Coordination Effectiveness as a Mediating Variable in Southeast Sulawesi

Yuyun Nirwana Subair — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the effect of Program Governance, Policy Support, and Health Information Systems on the
Performance of the Community Mental Health Response Team (TPKJM), with Coordination Effectiveness acting as a
mediating variable in Southeast Sulawesi. The research employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected
through questionnaires distributed to respondents involved in the implementation and coordination of community
mental health services. The total sample consisted of 150 respondents, selected using a proportional random sampling
technique to ensure representative data. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to
evaluate both the measurement model and the structural model, as well as to test the direct and indirect relationships
among variables. The results indicate that Program Governance, Policy Support, and Health Information Systems each
have a positive and significant effect on Coordination Effectiveness. Furthermore, these variables also have a positive
and significant direct effect on the Performance of TPKJM. Coordination Effectiveness is found to have a positive and
significant effect on TPKJM Performance. The mediation analysis demonstrates that Coordination Effectiveness
significantly mediates the relationship between Program Governance, Policy Support, and Health Information Systems
on TPKJM Performance. The model shows strong explanatory power in explaining variations in both Coordination
Effectiveness and TPKJM Performance. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening governance
mechanisms, policy implementation support, and integrated health information systems to improve coordination and
enhance the performance of community mental health response teams.

The Influence of Capital Expenditure and Natural Resource Potential on Regional Development the Mediating Role of Economic Growth in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Edwar Ariano — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of capital expenditure and natural resource potential on regional development,
with economic growth serving as a mediating variable in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research
employs a quantitative approach using primary data collected from 312 respondents consisting of local government
officials, community leaders, and stakeholders involved in regional development planning and implementation. The
sampling technique used was proportional random sampling, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation
Modeling (SEM). The results indicate that capital expenditure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth
and regional development. Natural resource potential also has a positive and significant impact on economic growth
and directly enhances regional development. Furthermore, economic growth has a positive and significant effect on
regional development. The mediation analysis demonstrates that economic growth significantly mediates the
relationship between capital expenditure and regional development, as well as between natural resource potential and
regional development. These findings suggest that optimizing capital expenditure allocation and effectively managing
natural resource potential are essential strategies to stimulate economic growth and accelerate regional development.
This study contributes to the literature on regional economics by confirming the mediating role of economic growth in
strengthening the relationship between fiscal policy, resource potential, and regional development performance.

The Effect of Dust Exposure and Noise Levels on Community Health with Risk Perception as a Mediating Variable among Communities in the Mining Industrial Area of Morosi District

La Ode Muhammad Arsyi — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the effect of dust exposure and noise levels on community health with risk perception as a
mediating variable among communities living in the mining industrial area of Morosi District. This research employed
a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of residents living around the
mining industrial area who are directly exposed to environmental impacts from mining activities. A total of 300
respondents were selected using proportional random sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires
and environmental observations, and analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
The results indicate that dust exposure and noise levels have a significant effect on community health. Furthermore,
dust exposure and noise levels significantly influence residents’ risk perception. Risk perception also has a significant
effect on community health and serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between environmental exposure
(dust and noise) and community health outcomes. In conclusion, higher levels of dust exposure and noise in the mining
industrial area significantly affect community health both directly and indirectly through risk perception. These findings
highlight the importance of environmental pollution control and effective risk communication strategies to protect
public health in mining industrial areas.

The Effect of Competence on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Sulistiani Syafitri — 2026-06-30

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of competence on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
This study used quantitative analysis with a population of 43 employees of a state-owned electricity company. The data
analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that competence had a positive effect on organizational
citizenship behavior (OCB).

The Influence of Training, Career Development, and Reward Systems on Educational Staff Performance, with Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable: An Empirical Study at Public Universities in Southeast Sulawesi

Welis Raldianingrat — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the influence of Training, Career Development, and Reward Systems on the Performance
of Educational Staff, with Work Motivation as a mediating variable in Public Universities in Southeast Sulawesi. The
research adopts a quantitative approach using primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to
educational staff working at public universities in Southeast Sulawesi. The total sample consisted of 230 respondents,
selected using a proportional random sampling technique to ensure representative and balanced data across
institutions. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate both the measurement
model and the structural model, as well as to test the direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results
indicate that Training, Career Development, and Reward Systems each have a positive and significant effect on Work
Motivation. Furthermore, Training, Career Development, and Reward Systems also have a positive and significant
direct effect on Educational Staff Performance. Work Motivation is found to have a positive and significant effect on
Educational Staff Performance. The mediation analysis demonstrates that Work Motivation significantly mediates the
relationship between Training, Career Development, Reward Systems, and Educational Staff Performance. The model
shows strong explanatory power in explaining variations in both Work Motivation and Educational Staff Performance.
These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening training programs, improving career development
opportunities, and implementing effective reward systems to enhance work motivation and ultimately improve the
performance of educational staff in public universities.

Transforming Global Society

Emiliano T. Hudtohan — 2026-06-30

This is narrative on Transforming Global Society: Integrating Economics, Accounting, Entrepreneurship, Management
and Education in the Digital Era has three Parts. Part 1 is Transforming Global Society. It explores the connectivity
of our humanity through governance connection, galactic connection and personal connection. As such, this
connectivity requires global empathy, cultural intelligence (CQ), spiritual intelligence (SQ) and digital intelligence
(DQ). Harari presents the Homo Sapiens interaction with artificial intelligence (AI) becomes a Homo Deus. Tegmark
asserts that Homo Sapiens interacting with AI converts the Homo Sapiens into a Homo Sentiens with heightened
consciousness of ones personal experience. Part 2 is Economics: Queen of Social Sciences. It puts economics on a
pedestal as a holy grail that solves political leadership and governance vis-a-vis socio-economic issues at the national
and global arena. Part 3 is Cosmology: Queen of the New Science, where theology is overran by the paradigm and
principles of quantum physics. Humanity’s true self is seen as 99.999 percent energy/spirit and only .001 percent
body/matter. In this New Science of Metaphysics, Maslow’s Self-Transcendence and Collective Transcendence provide
a bridging platform for Dispenza’s human Unlimited Possibilities in the 5th Dimension. This way, humans are
becoming supernatural capable of transcendental living.

The Effects of Competence, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, And Role Ambiguity on Employee Performance

Ni Luh Made Aryani — 2026-06-30

Performance is the direct reflection of certain requirements, as evidenced by the output produced, both in terms of
quantity and quality. This study aims to determine the influence of competence, organizational citizenship behavior
(OCB), and role ambiguity on employee performance at PT Cocoa Land Bali Internasional Tabanan. This study was
conducted at PT Cocoa Land Bali Internasional Tabanan, located at Jalan Raya Denpasar Bedugul, Mekarsari,
Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The sample in this study consisted of 43 employees of PT Cocoa Land Bali
Internasional Tabanan. The sampling technique used in this study was saturation sampling, and data collection was
conducted through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in
this study was linear regression analysis using SPSS version 26. Based on the analysis results, this study indicates that
competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT Cocoa Land Bali Internasional
Tabanan. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at
PT Cocoa Land Bali International Tabanan. Role ambiguity has a negative and significant effect on employee
performance at PT Cocoa Land Bali International Tabanan.

Examining the Influence of Product Quality and Price on Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from The Harvest Customers in Bali

Cok Istri Agung Hindi Mahadewi — 2026-06-30

The chocolate industry has experienced significant growth, driven by increasing consumer demand for premium
products, including in Bali. Intensifying competition requires companies to focus not only on sales performance but
also on building long-term customer loyalty. This study aims to examine the influence of product quality and price on
customer loyalty, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable, among customers of The Harvest in Bali. This
research employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Data were collected through
questionnaires distributed to customers of The Harvest in Bali. The analysis was conducted using SmartPLS, including
evaluation of the outer model and inner model, validity and reliability testing, coefficient of determination, effect size,
predictive relevance, as well as hypothesis and mediation testing. The results indicate that product quality and price
have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Both variables also positively and significantly influence
customer satisfaction. Furthermore, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty.
Mediation analysis reveals that customer satisfaction partially mediates the relationship between product quality and
price and customer loyalty. These findings suggest that enhancing customer loyalty at The Harvest in Bali requires
maintaining high product quality and appropriate pricing, supported by strong customer satisfaction. This study
provides practical insights for businesses in developing effective marketing strategies to strengthen customer
satisfaction and long-term loyalty in the premium chocolate industry.

The Effect of Port Governance and Infrastructure on the Quality of Ferry Services through the Optimization of Operational Performance (Empirical Study at Ferry Ports in Southeast Sulawesi)

La Ode Aliatin Wuga — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the effect of port governance and infrastructure on the quality of ferry services through
the optimization of operational performance at ferry ports in Southeast Sulawesi. The research adopts a
quantitative approach using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 380 respondents consisting of port
management personnel, operational staff, and service users at selected ferry ports. Data analysis was conducted using
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine both direct and indirect
relationships among the research variables. The results indicate that port governance and infrastructure have a
positive and significant effect on operational performance. In addition, operational performance has a positive
and significant effect on ferry service quality. Directly, port governance and infrastructure influence service quality;
however, the effect becomes stronger through the mediating role of operational performance. Mediation
testing shows that operational performance partially mediates the relationship between port governance and service
quality, as well as between infrastructure and service quality. These findings demonstrate that effective governance
and adequate infrastructure are essential factors in improving operational performance, which
ultimately enhances the overall quality of ferry services. Therefore,strengthening port management systems and
improving infrastructure are strategic priorities for optimizing ferry transportation services in Southeast
Sulawesi.

Determinants of Generation Z University Students’ Purchase Intention for Cosmetic Products: The Roles of Influencer Credibility, Online Reviews, and Herding Behavior

Ni Wayan Putu Ariani — 2026-06-30

The rapid growth of social media and digital marketplaces has transformed the way consumers evaluate and
purchase cosmetic products, particularly among Generation Z, a cohort highly embedded in digitally connected and
peer-intensive environments. In this context, purchase intention may be shaped by multiple digital and social cues,
including influencer credibility, online reviews, and herding behavior. This study therefore examines the effects of
influencer credibility, online reviews, and herding behavior on purchase intention toward cosmetic products among
Generation Z university students. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Data were
collected through an online self-administered questionnaire distributed to active university students in Bali who
belonged to Generation Z, had previously purchased cosmetic products, and had been exposed to influencer-related
cosmetic content. Using purposive sampling, a total of 112 valid responses were obtained and analyzed through
multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings reveal that influencer credibility did not significantly affect
purchase intention. In contrast, online reviews and herding behavior were found to have positive and significant
effects on purchase intention. The model also demonstrates strong explanatory power, indicating that purchase
intention is shaped more strongly by consumer-generated evaluations and collective social cues than by influencerrelated attributes. These findings highlight the growing importance of online reviews and social influence in
understanding Generation Z’s cosmetic purchase intention in digital environments.

Integration of Sharia Principles in the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Challenges in the Era of Digital Transformation

Ambo Wonua Nusantara — 2026-06-30

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed economic activities, leading to the
emergence of the digital economy through platforms such as fintech and e-commerce. This transformation presents
both opportunities and challenges for the development of Islamic economics. This study aims to examine how sharia
principles, such as justice, the prohibition of riba, and the objectives of maqashid sharia can be integrated into the
digital economic system. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method to analyze
relevant theories and practices of the digital economy from an Islamic perspective. The findings indicate that digital
transformation offers substantial opportunities for enhancing financial inclusion, expanding access to sharia-compliant
financial services, and promoting equitable economic practices. However, several challenges remain, including the
dominance of profit-oriented business models, the potential presence of hidden interest elements, and the lack of
comprehensive regulatory frameworks for sharia compliance in digital platforms. Furthermore, there exists a
fundamental tension between the profit-driven nature of digital capitalism and the ethical foundations of Islamic
economics. This study suggests the need for developing a digital economic model based on maqashid sharia that
emphasizes ethical values, fairness, and social welfare. Such a model is expected to ensure that technological
innovation aligns with sharia principles while contributing to sustainable and inclusive economic development.

The Role of Regional House of Representatives Performance and Stakeholder Role on Community Satisfaction Through Service Quality as A Mediating Variable in Kolaka Regency

Hariani Syamsuddin — 2026-06-30

This study examines the influence of the performance of the Regional House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan
Rakyat Daerah/DPRD) and stakeholder roles on community satisfaction through service quality as a mediating variable
in Kolaka Regency. The research is driven by the need to improve public service quality as an indicator of effective
local governance and in response to increasing public demand for transparent and responsive services. A quantitative
approach using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was employed. Primary data were
collected through questionnaires distributed to 399 public service recipients selected using purposive sampling. Data
analysis included evaluation of the measurement model (outer model) to assess validity and reliability, and the
structural model (inner model) to test hypothesized relationships and the mediating role of service quality. The results
indicate that DPRD performance and stakeholder roles have positive and significant effects on both service quality and
community satisfaction. Service quality also has a positive and significant effect on community satisfaction. Mediation
analysis confirms that service quality significantly mediates the relationship between DPRD performance, stakeholder
roles, and community satisfaction. The coefficient of determination shows that the model has strong predictive
capability. These findings highlight the importance of synergy between the DPRD, stakeholders, and service providers
to enhance service quality and ultimately improve community satisfaction. The study contributes to public
administration literature and offers practical recommendations for local governments in developing more effective and
citizen-oriented public service policies.

The Role of Work Environment in Moderating the Effect of Leadership, Motivation, and Compensation on Employee Performance (A Study at the Forestry Service of Southeast Sulawesi)

Indra Warsyadi — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine the effect of leadership, motivation, and compensation on employee performance, with the
work environment serving as a moderating variable at the Forestry Service of Southeast Sulawesi. A quantitative
research approach was employed, with data collected from 220 employees using a structured questionnaire based on
a Likert scale (1–5). The study included leadership, motivation, and compensation as independent variables, employee
performance as the dependent variable, and work environment as the moderating variable. Data were analyzed using
Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate both direct and indirect relationships
among the variables. The results indicate that leadership, motivation, and compensation each have a positive and
significant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the work environment significantly moderates the
relationship between these variables and employee performance, strengthening the impact of leadership, motivation,
and compensation when the work environment is supportive and conducive. The findings suggest that optimizing
leadership practices, enhancing motivation, and providing fair compensation, combined with a positive work
environment, can effectively improve employee performance. This study provides practical implications for managers
and policymakers in public sector organizations to create a conducive work environment that maximizes employee
productivity and organizational outcomes.

The Effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Disclosure on Firm Value with Green Innovation as a Mediating Variable (A Study of Energy Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, 2019-2023)

Sitti Fatmawati Wulansari — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze: (1) the effect of ESG disclosure on green innovation; (2) the effect of green innovation on
firm value; (3) the direct effect of ESG disclosure on firm value; and (4) the mediating role of green innovation in the
relationship between ESG disclosure and firm value. The sample consisted of 23 energy sector companies listed on
the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019-2023 period. The data were analyzed using panel data regression with
EViews software. The findings show that ESG disclosure has a positive and significant effect on green innovation,
with a coefficient of 1.151624 and a probability value of 0.0000 (< 0.05). ESG disclosure also has a positive and
significant effect on firm value, with a coefficient of 17.75889 and a probability value of 0.0121 (< 0.05). Green
innovation has a significant but negative effect on firm value, with a coefficient of -14.36793 and a probability value
of 0.0186 (< 0.05). The control variables indicate that ROA does not significantly affect either green innovation or
firm value; firm size has no significant effect on green innovation but has a significant negative effect on firm value;
and DER has no significant effect on green innovation but has a significant positive effect on firm value.
Furthermore, the Sobel test indicates that green innovation does not significantly mediate the effect of ESG disclosure
on firm value. These results suggest that ESG disclosure is responded to more directly by the capital market than
green innovation, while green innovation in the energy sector is still perceived as a costly long-term investment
during the transition period.

Ethnomedicine of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Several Sub-Districts of North Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Fitriani Rasyid — 2026-06-30

The utilization of natural materials such as plants as medicinal substances is called ethnomedicine. Ethnomedicine is
a method to document medicinal knowledge of local communities so that it can be scientifically recorded. This study
aimed to identify plant species, plant parts used, medicinal properties, processing methods, and traditional medicine
use by communities in several sub-districts of North Buton Regency. A quantitative approach with descriptive data
presentation and snowball sampling technique was employed. Data collection included interviews, observation, and
documentation from 51 informants (battra) in Kulisusu, West Kulisusu, and North Kulisusu Sub-Districts. Results
revealed 86 plant species from 40 families used for treating communicable and non-communicable diseases. The most
common plant part was leaves (65.1%), predominant processing method was boiling (55.8%), and the primary route
of administration was oral (69.7%). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) had the highest citation frequency (64.7%), while
gastric disorders (maag) were the most commonly treated condition (58.8%). Malvaceae was the dominant plant family
(9.3%). Conservation of medicinal plants and development of special processing methods are recommended for
sustainable utilization.

The Crypto-Wealth Effect and Market Bifurcation: Empirical Evidence from the Secondary Luxury Watch Market

Hüseyin Ergun — 2026-06-30

The rapid expansion of digital asset markets has generated unprecedented wealth shocks, prompting investors to seek alternative physical safe havens and diversify their investment portfolios. This study investigates the “Crypto-Wealth Effect” on the secondary luxury watch market, aiming to determine whether digital wealth generation created a localized speculative bubble in tangible luxury goods. The research utilizes daily time-series data from 2017 to 2026 for Bitcoin (BTC-USD) and six major luxury watch market indices and employs Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), Maximum Drawdown (MDD) metrics, and time-lagged cross-correlation models. The empirical results reveal a severe market bifurcation. Hype-driven” ultra-luxury brands exhibited parabolic, crypto-correlated trajectories—exemplified by Patek Philippe, which recorded a maximum growth of 314.1% before suffering a severe -46.2% drawdown. Conversely, traditional “stable” luxury brands such as Cartier demonstrated bond-like resilience with minimal drawdowns (-12.4%). Furthermore, cross-correlation analysis identifies a statistically significant 5-month lag between the cryptocurrency market peak (November 2021) and the ultra-luxury watch market peak (April 2022). This structural time lag provides robust empirical evidence that the 2022 asset bubble in certain mechanical timepieces was directly fueled by a delayed wealth spillover from digital speculation. The study concludes that while physical luxury goods are often sought as inflation hedges, extreme status-signaling segments have become hyper-financialized, inheriting the boom-and-bust vulnerabilities of cryptocurrency markets.

Water Mass Fingerprint Detection Using Machine Learning for the Sustainability of Capture Fisheries Economy in Southeast Sulawesi

Miming Lestari — 2026-06-30

Capture fisheries in Southeast Sulawesi play a strategic role in supporting regional food security and economic development. However, its utilization still faces challenges due to the limited availability of accurate and sustainable spatial data. This study aims to map the spatial distribution of fisheries potential in the waters of Southeast Sulawesi using a quantitative machine learning approach. The method employed is the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm, trained using key oceanographic variables including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, salinity, ocean currents, sea level height, seafloor topography, and vessel activity data from the Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). All datasets were extracted through Google Earth Engine (GEE), processed in Python (scikit-learn) through normalization, outlier handling, and minority class oversampling, and visualized as regional fingerprint maps in QGIS. The results reveal a high degree of spatial heterogeneity, with the highest fisheries potential concentrated in the southern and southeastern parts of Southeast Sulawesi. The economic valuation analysis of six fisheries potential classes identified a total area of approximately 15.8 million hectares, with an estimated economic value of IDR 1.18 trillion. The highest class (Class 5) accounts for 44% of the total area and contributes about IDR 376.6. The integration of machine learning and spatial data provides a comprehensive understanding of the marine and fisheries potential distribution, serving as a strategic foundation for developing sustainable fisheries management policies in Southeast Sulawesi.

Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the Working Area of Langara Health Center, Konawe Kepulauan Regency

Marsyah Tri Septian Wisran — 2026-06-30

Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents one of the most critical challenges in global tuberculosis prevention and control. MDR-TB occurs when Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of MDR-TB in the working area of Langara Health Center, Konawe Kepulauan Regency in 2023. A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional design was employed. The total sampling technique was applied, involving all 47 registered TB patients in the working area of Langara Health Center during 2023. Data were collected through medical records and validated questionnaires, and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis (T-test and F-test) with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed that medication regularity (t = 11.246; p = 0.003), drug side effects (t = 6.128; p = 0.012), contact history with TB patients (t = 7.450; p = 0.006), patient motivation (t = 6.557; p = 0.011), and knowledge (t = 5.421; p = 0.016) each significantly influenced MDR-TB occurrence. Simultaneously, all five variables significantly influenced MDR-TB occurrence (F = 5.150; p = 0.003). Healthcare workers should intensify health promotion activities to strengthen medication adherence, manage drug side effects, and improve patient motivation and knowledge regarding MDR-TB prevention.

The Influence of Organizational Climate and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at the National Road Implementation Center Region II Southeast Sulawesi

Nurul Khaerina Putri Takdir — 2026-06-30

This study aims to examine and analyze: (1) the simultaneous effect of organizational climate and work motivation on employee performance at BPJN Region II Southeast Sulawesi; (2) the partial effect of organizational climate on employee performance; and (3) the partial effect of work motivation on employee performance. This study employed a quantitative design with an associative approach. The research sample consisted of 102 respondents, all of whom were State Civil Apparatus (ASN) employees at BPJN Region II Southeast Sulawesi. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire, while data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regression using SPSS version 25. The findings show that: (1) organizational climate and work motivation simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) organizational climate partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that the better the organizational climate perceived by employees, the higher their performance; and (3) work motivation also partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that higher employee motivation increases their contribution to the achievement of organizational goals. The R Square value of 0.986 indicates that 98.6% of the variation in employee performance can be explained by organizational climate and work motivation, while the remaining 1.4% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. Based on these results, it can be concluded that improving employee performance at BPJN Region II Southeast Sulawesi is strongly influenced by a conducive organizational climate and high work motivation. Therefore, the organization needs to continuously improve the work environment and provide motivational stimulation so that employee performance becomes increasingly optimal.

The Effect of Auditor Competence and Professional Attitude on Audit Quality for Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City

Sulvariany Tamburaka — 2026-06-30

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of auditor competence and professional attitude on audit quality among the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City. The population in this study comprised the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City, totaling 45 people. This study used a census sampling technique to select respondents. The sample consisted of 45 auditors. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The results of this study indicate that: (1) competence affects audit quality among the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City; (2) auditor professional attitude affects audit quality among the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City; and (3) competence and auditor professional attitude simultaneously affect audit quality among the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus at the Inspectorate of Kendari City.

The Influence of Brand Ambassadors on Purchase Decisions Through Brand Trust Among Shopee Marketplace Users in Kendari

Inka Agustiani — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze the influence of brand ambassadors on purchase decisions, with brand trust as a mediating variable, among Shopee marketplace users in Kendari City. The sample consisted of 100 respondents selected through accidental sampling. This research employed a quantitative approach using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method with the SmartPLS application. The results show that brand ambassadors have a significant effect on brand trust but do not have a significant direct effect on purchase decisions. Furthermore, brand trust is proven to mediate the influence of brand ambassadors on purchase decisions. These findings confirm that the role of brand ambassadors is more effective in building consumer trust before encouraging purchase decisions on e-commerce platforms.

Integrating Community Empowerment, Innovation, and Digital Marketing in Developing Pegagan-Based Wellness Tourism Products: A Participatory Action Research in Kenderan Tourism Village

Made Novia Indriani — 2026-06-30

Kenderan Tourism Village in Gianyar, Bali, possesses significant potential for the development of wellness tourism
based on its abundant natural resources. However, the lack of distinctive local products and limited community capacity
in production and marketing have constrained its competitiveness. This study aims to develop and evaluate a
community-based model that integrates community empowerment, product innovation, and digital marketing in
creating pegagan (Centella asiatica)-based wellness tourism products. This research employs a participatory action
research approach involving the Tourism Awareness Group (POKDARWIS) and local women’s groups (PKK). The
study was conducted through five stages: socialization, training, technology transfer, mentoring, and evaluation. Data
were collected through observations, interviews, and pre–post assessments to measure improvements in participants’
knowledge and skills. The innovation process focused on developing pegagan-based products, including herbal tea and
facial masks, supported by the establishment of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for production, quality control,
and packaging. Digital marketing strategies were also implemented through social media platforms to expand market
reach. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ technical and managerial capacities, particularly
in product processing, quality assurance, and marketing practices. The developed products show strong potential as
distinctive wellness tourism commodities, contributing to increased product value and tourist engagement.
Furthermore, the adoption of digital marketing enhances product visibility and accessibility in broader markets. This
study demonstrates that integrating community empowerment, innovation, and digital marketing provides an effective
and replicable model for strengthening the competitiveness of tourism villages. The findings contribute to the
development of sustainable, community-based wellness tourism in the digital era.

Financial Accountability Practices in Community-Based Organizations: Evidence from a Village Credit Institution in Bali

Sang Ayu Putu Arie Indraswarawati — 2026-06-30

Financial accountability plays a crucial role in sustaining trust and legitimacy within community-based
organizations. Unlike formal institutions, these organizations often rely on social values, collective norms, and
informal governance mechanisms in managing financial practices. Understanding how accountability is practiced in
such contexts is essential for strengthening governance and organizational sustainability. This study aims to examine
financial accountability practices in community-based organizations based on empirical evidence. Using a qualitative
approach, this study draws on insights from field-based research, including interviews, observations, and
documentation. The research is conducted in a Village Credit Institution (LPD) in Bali, Indonesia, using a
phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of accountability practices. The findings reveal that
financial accountability is not solely based on formal reporting mechanisms but is deeply embedded in social
interactions, trust, and shared values. Accountability is practiced through both formal and informal processes,
including collective discussions, transparency in decision-making, and community participation.