Supervision of Investigators of the Indonesian National Police over Investigative Processes Conducted by Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) Kendari

Abstract

This study examines the supervision of Indonesian National Police investigators over Civil Servant Investigators
(PPNS) at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Kendari within the integrated criminal justice system.
This research uses a qualitative method with interviews, document analysis, and descriptive interpretation of
supervisory practices between police investigators and PPNS. The findings show that supervision is implemented
through guidance, case discussions, review of investigation progress, joint inspections, file coordination with
prosecutors, and performance evaluation. Key obstacles include limited human resource quality, insufficient legal
education among assistant investigators, lack of institutional understanding, and inadequate budgeting support. The
study concludes that effective supervision requires stronger coordination, capacity building, certification programs,
and equal recognition of PPNS within the criminal justice system to ensure accountability and legal certainty. This
study provides implications for improving inter-agency coordination, strengthening investigative professionalism, and
enhancing regulatory enforcement effectiveness in the supervision of food and drug-related criminal investigations in
Indonesia. Future research is recommended to explore comparative supervisory models across different sectoral
investigative agencies and to evaluate policy reforms that strengthen PPNS institutional capacity. It also supports
legal certainty, accountability, and effective implementation of integrated criminal justice system policies in Indonesia
within investigative institutions framework context approach.