Mantras in The Kapontasu Ritual as An Oral Tradition in Rice Field Farming and Rice Agribusiness Performance in Maintaining Family Food Availability in West Muna Regency
Keywords:
Oral Tradition, Mantras in the Kapontasu Ritual, Rice Agribusiness, Field Rice, Family Food.Abstract
Mantras in the Kapontasu ritual are one of the oral farming traditions led directly by a parika (agricultural shaman) when cultivating rice fields in the Muna ethnic community. These mantras are considered to have the power to increase crop yields, thereby being able to maintaining the availability of family food. Mantras in the Kapontasu ritual are categorized as an oral tradition because, in its implementation, they have aspects of movement/action and utterance in the form of mantras (bhatata) spoken by a parika. The mantras (bhatata) contain deep meanings and moral messages that must be followed by farmers. These moral messages are related to the basics of farming activities and the behavior of farmers in agribusiness to get abundant harvests, which eventually becomes a pillar of family food availability. This study aimed at identifying the form of the mantras in the Kapontasu ritual and investigating its function in the community related to rice farming activities in maintaining the availability of family food. In this study, the researchers applied a qualitative-historical approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Results showed that the mantras in the Kapontasu ritual consist of (1) a mantra for the embedding of initial tugal, the placement of rice seed (owine), and the arrangement of offerings, (2) a mantra for planting rice in the fields, (3) a mantra for maintaining rice plants, (4) a mantra for repelling rice plant pests, and (5) a mantra for harvesting rice plants. These mantras serve to increase crop yields and ensure the availability of food for farmers’ families. Furthermore, the function of the mantras (bhatata) as the foundation of agribusiness is to maintain the availability of family food. In addition, these mantras serve to make the following things happen: (1) Soil nutrients become abundant and sunlight and rainfall fertilize the rice plants; (2) Allah SWT blesses farmers’ efforts in agricultural activities; (3) Rice is growing well as farmers expect in ensuring the availability of food for the family; (4) The seeds planted provide blessings so that the production process runs smoothly; (5) Rice plants are protected from various diseases and pests; (6) Sown seeds produce abundant yields; (7) What farmers do in farming is blessed by Allah SWT.
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